KEY EXAM POINT BOOLEAN ALGEBRA COMPUTER SCIENC CALSS 12TH

1.A circuit which take digital input and output is also digital value is known as digital circuit.2.digital circuit can be express in form of Boolean expression or digital expression .3.boolean can be expressed in either of two form
1.sop(sum of product)  2. POS(product of sum)4.sop expression is summation of product term
5. product term named is min term.like
 i.e.  m0 +m2+m4+m76. POS  expression is multiplication of summation term .
7. summation term knwn as Max term
8. max term is start with M followed numeric value .M6,M99.demoragan theorem says
   (A+B)’=A’.B’   ,(AB)=A’+B’10 duality rules1)replace . with +,and + with . 2)replace 1with 0 and 0 with 1Like 1.B+0A  will 0+B.0+ADistributed law:   ..x(y+z)=xy+xz,x+yz=(x+y)(x+z)Associated law:       X+Y+Z=X+Z+Y11.gate are digital circuit designed by semiconductor device and those behavior is predefined .  Basic gate is AND ,OR, NOT12 universal gate is nand and nor13 universal gate can design any digital circuit.14 any circuit can be verified
15 karnaugh map is graphical way to reduce Boolean expression .

KEY EXAM POINT'S DATA STRUCTURE STACK AND QUEUE COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASS 12TH

1.Data structure is different arrangement of data elements ,which accessing in different ways.
2.data structure that has sequential  relation ship between data elements is linear data structure .like array ,linked list3 data structure that not has linear relationship is non linear data structure like :tree,graph4.stack is data structure which is also known as LIFO or last in first out data structure.5. Queue known as FIFO ,first in first out arrangement of data elements6. stack can be implement by array or linked list.7.queue can be implement by array or linked list8. stack has one pointer which always point to top most element of stack .9. inserting a element in array in known as push operation in stack .10 deleting a element in array is knwn as pop operation .11 push operation   increase top value by one.12pop operation decrease value of top by one .13.in  array implemented stack,stack has overflow condition.14 overflow means no insertion  possible  now,because its capacity is fixed to store .array has limited capacity to store.so it has overflow condition.15 underflow means empty condition,no deletion possible .16.queue has two pointer front and rear.17 front point to first element of queue .18 rear point to last element of queue .19 when deletion perform in queue ,front increase by one .20. when insertion perform in queue, rear increase by one .21.rear=size-1 is over flow condition for queue22.top==size-1 is overflow condition for stack23 rear==front is condition when one element in queue24 top=-1 is stack underflow condition .25 rear=front =-1 is queue underflow condition .26. linked list is linked sequential arrangement of self referential structure instance called node.27 linked list consist of number of node .28 each node contain pointer  of same type .29one node keep address of other node ,known as linking of node.30linked list has special pointer start.31 start point to first node of linked list .32start help to process linked list.

33 array	Linked list
Consecutive memory allocation	Discrete memory allocation
both random and sequential access access	Sequential access
Relation between element	No relation
Pointer not must	Pointer essential

 34.stack and queue can also be implemented by linked list.35 top in stack linked list implementation point to last node of stack.36.no overflow condition in linked liststack .37.no overflow condition in linked queue.38 .singly linked list always move in one direction.39double linked list can move in two direction .40doubly lineked list contain two pointer to process .41 one pointer member point  to forward direction,other point to backward direction.42 deque ,a queue where addition n deletion can be from both end front and rear43.front==NULL is empty condition for linked queue.44 rear==NULL is empty condition for dynamic queue.45 front==rear is condition when there is one node in queue.46. linked list is just linking of node ,where one node keep address of other node .47 primitive data type are those which is not derived from other eX: int ,float,char ,double48 non primitive data type are those which group other data type : like Array,enumeration,union,structure.49 data structuretype 1.simple   2. compound49 simple data structure built from primitive data structure.  Array, Structure50  compound data structure combine simple data structure in complex way.

Data structure
Simple			Compound
Array			linear	Non linear
Structure			Stack	Tree
			Queue	graph
			Linked

51 prefix notation:operator is before operand .ex:+a b52 postfix notation :operator just after operand ex:a b+53 infix notation:operator in between operand a+b.54 infix to postfix coversion possible by stack.55 postfix expression evaluated by stack56 queue used in sequencing and  waiting line for resources of computer system .57.when f=0 and r=size-1 ,or f=r+1 or r=f-1 it’s a overflow condition for CQ.58CQ implemented by array only.   59.if  f==r than there is 1 element in CQ.   59:f=r=-1 is empty condition .

KEY POINTS NETWORKING COMPUTER SCIENCE 12TH CBSE

1.       Inconnection of electronics device (computer ) by communication media is known as netwok.
2.       Interconncection of million of network in public way is internet
3.       Private network over internet is known as       Intranet
4.       Network advantage is sharing and communication .
5.       Few kilometer netwok is lan
6.       Network in city is MAN
7.       Network in large geographics area is WAN like continent or country network.
8.       Internet is example of WAN.
9.       1G,2G,3G ,4G is generation of Mobile Communicaiton.
10.    2G is GSM with GPRS+EDGE
11.    3G it’s a UMTS technology HDSA
12.    Amplifier amplify or boost weak signal
13.    Repeater regenerate or repeat original signal.
14.    Bridge reduce traffic by divide network .
15.    Switch is multiport bridge .
16.    Switch ,hub are multiport connecting device
17.    Hub is multiport repeater .
18.    Hub,amplifier ,repeater is not intelligent network device
19.    Device that assist to form network is network device
20.    Network device is Router,switch,bridge Hub,Repeater
21.    Switch communicate using  hardware address of device .
22.    Router communicate using IP address of device
23.    Router used for inter network communication .
24.    Each device in network has mac address and ip address
25.    Router decide shortest route from source to destination .
26.    Modem means modulation and demodulation .
27.    Hub always broadcast without filtering it.
28.    switch send data directly from source to destination using hardware address.
29.    Connection between network device perform by communication media
30.    Media can be of two type
1.wired 2.wireless       31. wired media example is :twisted pair,coaxial cable,optical fibre.       32.twisted pair is cheapest and easy maintenance cable .      33. optical fiber based in total internal reflection concept .      34 .optical fiber is communicate in form of light(LASER).     35.in optical fiber glass like medium used.     36. optical fiber has highest bandwidth over other media .   37. wireless communication media is micro wave,radio wave ,infrared  etc.38 microwave is fastest and reliable wireless communication media39.inter lan communication way.  1.dial up 2.leased line 3.broadband  4.optical fiber40 broadband is cheapest for  inter lan communication.41.leased line provide private and fast network.42.optical fiber is fastest communication for both lan and interlan communication.43.for long distance more than 90 m repeater is used than.44.network connecting and arrangement way can be different .this is topology of network.45. topology is different way of connecting the network.46.topology is :ring topology,bus ,star,mesh ,hybrid.47 star is most common topology.48 hybrid topology is combination of more than one topology.49.switching is technique to form path between source and destination50 switching technique is message,packet ,circuit.51.voice communication perform over circuit switching.52.data communication perform over packet switchingà both messege and packet switching technique is store and forward technique .
àmessge switching require more buffer than packet switching .
53. smallest unit of data that can be transfer is known as packet.54 whole data is divided into so many small packets.55.in circuit switching whole channel is allotted for two party.56. in packet switching channel may be shared by too many parties.57.packets not essentially follow same path always.58.voice communication perform  always in one  path.59 open source software is software thos source code available with software.like unix ,linux ,android60 software which Is available free of cost is free software or freeware .61 software which is free of cost and those source code is also available with software is known as free and open softwareor FLOSS . 62 freeware is software which is free of cost available like :opera,Mozilla ,safari,63 shareware are software which is available for limited period and then its need to pay for it.Like  quickheal,macfee ,anivirus64 floss are free and open source software.65 80-witch 20 rules says that traffic of network within network is 80 % and  traffic outside to network  is 20%.66stp:spanning tree protocol-used by network to eliminate any cicular path .67 wireless in local loop is limited area wireless communication technology.used in hilly area.68.microwave communication is best for hilly area.69 firewall is software or hardware which protect your network or system from malicious or unauthorised  attack .70 cyber crime :illegal criminal activity happen in cyber space.71cyber law:legal rules form to protect from cyber crime .72 it act 2000:cyber law form for regulation of e-commerce transaction in india .73node:device  which connected to network is known as node.74 ipr:intellectual property is  like idea ,logo,software ,sign of firm or personel.keeping it safe and not to be used without owner permissionis intellectual property right.75 proprietary software:software which has owner and its can be sell,distribute ,copy ,move without its permission.76.spam :junk  mail sent for purpose of marketing ,selling etc.77worm :malicious program ,that replicate itself on system or network.78Trojan horse: A malicious program which can enter though spam mail .Which hide itself in back ground and send sensitive information to intruder.79.virus :malicious program that did damaging activity like os crashing ,boot sector crash,file system crash.80 virus are of  3 type -1.file infector2.boot sector virus 3. Macrovirus81 cookies :text data send from web server to web browser .so it keep record of user activity and status.82.web server :a system/softwarefulfill web browser request.83: web  browser :a software whichaccess web service84.Authorization: mechanism that determine where u r  right to enter into system.85authentication: mechanism to determine that ur connected with right person.86 client side scripts: vb script ,java script,php87 server side script: PHP,perl,ASP,JSP88web hosting :providing space and connectivity for web server .89web hosting  type :free,virtual,dedicatd ,co-location etc90domain :internet address in character format is domain.91

Com	Commercial
Edu	education
Gov	goverment
Mil	Military
Net	Network resources
Org	organization
Co	comany
Tv	television
In	india
Au	australia
Uk	United kingdom

92 url:uniform location of web contained
93url format:type://address/pathEx http ://jnvtikamgarh.com/staff.html94telnet: a network program to access remote syste.95RJ-45:registered jack 45,LAN connector96EVDO:evalution data optimized97: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
98: Cloud computing, also known as 'on-demand computing', is a kind of Internet-based computing, where shared resources, data and information are provided to computers and other devices on-demand
99;web page:doc’s conatained hyper text or multimedia100:www:worlds extended  contained of web pages.

IMPORTANT KEY POINTS FOR NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATION CBSE CLASS 12TH

PAN: personal area networkGui:graphical user interfaceCui:command user interfaceARPANET: advanced research project agency network.http : hyper text  transfer protocolftp :file transfer protocoltcp : tansmission control protocolip : internet protocolsmtp : simple mail transfer protocolsnmp : simple network mangament protocolpop: post office protocolgsm :global system for mobile communicationcdma :code division multiple accesswcdma: wideband code divison multiple accesswLL:wireless in local loopbps:bit per secondkbps :kilo bit per secondmbps:mega bit per secondgbps:giga bit per sondoss: open source softwarewifi:wireless fidelityGPRS:General packet radio system3G:third Generation of mobile communicationfloss: free libre and open source software.osi: open system initialtive .iso:international  standard organization.slip: serial line internet protocolNIC:network interface cardNIU:network interface unitMAC:medium access controlppp: point to point protocolvpn: virtual private networkvoip : voice over internet protocolhtml:hyper text markup languagexml:extensioble mark up languageFDM:frequency division multiplexingTDM :Time Division MultiplexingFSF: free software foundationW3C: world wide web consortiumwww:world wide webGNU:GNU is not unixIPR: intellectual property rightsDHTML:dynamic hyper text markup languageURL:uniform resources locator
IRC: internet relay chatSIP :session initiation protocolSim:subscriber identification moduleUtp :unshielded twisted pairStp:shielded twisted pairFsf:free software foundation

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